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Energy
Mobility
Affordable And Clean Energy
Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure
Responsible Consumption And Production
The current EU regulation on emissions for cars is the strictest worldwide. Along with further restrictions the thresholds cannot be met with conventional cars only anymore. One alternative technology, that reduces local emissions, is electric vehicles (EVs). For a successful market entry of EVs, a functioning infrastructure is necessary. Customers rank inadequate access to charging stations as the third most serious barrier to EV purchase, after price and driving range (Mckinsey, 2018). Therefore, public charging systems for electric vehicles support the electrification of urban mobility systems. While price and driving range improve each year, chargers can be of different power ranges and charging technologies. In addition, they can be smartly integrated into the local grid and provide information about the system for customers, operators and other stakeholders. For the user experience, it is recommended to include a payment and authentication system, which facilitates access and enhances the transparency of the charging process. It is also an issue of access to charging stations, as charging is performed while the car is parked, and the possibility of booking parking spots (adjacent to the charging station) is legally challenging in many countries. Dedicated parking spots for EVs only do not solve the issue, as another (fully charged) EV can park for a long term on the spot for which one accounts for charging after arrival.
Problems to be solved
| Growing charging demand for EVs | Carbon Emissions | Air pollution |
While all traffic is being electrified, mobility hubs are transforming too. New e-mobility hubs must serve all kind of charging needs for different fleets, today and in the future.
Charging apps let drivers of electric vehicles conveniently access nearly the entire public and web-enabled charging infrastructure.
Countries in Europe have a variety of subsidies and incentives for building EV charging infrastructure. For example, Germany offers the following for public charging stations:
Stakeholder Map for public charging infrastructure (BABLE, 2021)
Implementation
Average implementation time: 0.5 - 1 years
Initial investment amount: 50,000 - 250,000 Euro for one or two fast-charging stations
Market Overview
The market of electric vehicles is a steadily growing market. Most public charging stations are funded and promoted by governments.
Costs and Charging Time
In general, increasing costs shorten the charging time. One reason is that increasing charging power requires grid updates, which lead to significantly increased investment costs.
But besides the increasing costs, low charging times allow more people to use the charger per day. That is why all public chargers from 3.6 kW AC to 62.5 DC, compete on a comparable cost level with approximately 1370–1800 EUR/kW regarding the costs per capacity. The 250 DC chargers cost level is less than half of this. But that applies only to a (fictive) full-time operation.
A fast charging station is designed for up to 75 users per day, while an AC charger for a maximum of four users per day. Hence, almost 20 slow chargers would be needed to equal one fast charging station. As DC-fast chargers are fully stretched they are the cheapest public option. Maintenance cost may be significant for on-street charging equipment, which is one reason for the low cost of a home charger.
In general, there is an industry consensus that the cost of public charging units is trending downward and will continue to decrease. However, installation costs are highly variable and there is no consensus among industry stakeholders about the direction of future installation costs (US Department of Energy, 2015).
Charging Ports usually need an investment of:
and result in variable costs for the installation of:
The following graphic gives an overview of different cost ranges.
Ballpark Cost Ranges (US DOE, 2015)
Regulations on selling energy consumption-based:
Mobility
The Mobility stations in Mülheim provide commuters and residents of the busy district with a location, where they can easily find various alternative transport options. The aim is to encourage behavioral change from using cars towards more active modes of transport like walking and cycling.
Energy
Mobility
The solution aims to promote the replacement of fossil fueled vehicles by facilitating use of EVs. The charging infrastructure enables the tenants to charge their EVs. It is implemented in collaboration with various shared E-mobility providers rendering the use of a private car unnecessary.
Mobility
In order to promote use of Electric Vehicles and better manage the charging infrastructure,a smart charging system was developed. 6 Type-2 AC chargers installed in Strijp-S with two charging point. Peak load management system/charging management system is included in the project.
Mobility
Energy
In Stockholm, a fast charging station within the GrowSmarter project is established by Fortum at the parking facility by McDonald’s restaurant. Fast charging stations could provide electric vehicles with fully charged batteries in less than 30 minutes.
Mobility
Energy
Electric Vehicles increase in share of car sales and charging infrastructure is important to facilitate the transition to an improved vehicle fleet in cities. In Stockholm five to ten normal charging stations have installed to satisfy citizen needs.
Mobility
Energy
Endesa Energía has implemented five fast charging stations in Barcelona with the aim of promoting clean transport in the city.
Mobility
Energy
In Barcelona, an innovative form of Vehicle-to-X (V2X) charging for Electric Vehicles has been implemented. This can increase the renewable energy penetration, energy storage, grid flexibility and facilitate energy management optimization.
Mobility
Energy
The City of Stockholm aims to develop a charging Master Plan to oversee and complement the infrastructural development for EVs charging, in order to ensure that it effectively meets the needs of all drivers, including business usage.
Energy
Mobility
In order to further encourage and facilitate the use of electric vehicles, both private and shared, a policy note was made on electric charging for citizens and employees as an answer to the increasing demand of electirc mobility and charging infrastructure.
Energy
Greencity is the first urban district in Switzerland to meet the conditions of the 2000-watt society and represents a largely grid-independent area, relying on 100% supply from locally generated renewable energy sources and an innovative and environmentally friendly mobility concept.
Energy
Mobility
The installation of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, allowing Nottingham to increase their green bus network from 45 to 58 E-Buses.
Mobility
In order to improve citizens' quality of life, the city has adapted regulations for delivery services, taking them to off peak hours.
Energy
Mobility
ICT
In the company car park of MAHLE, 100 AC charging points have been installed for employee and company cars in order to contribute to the reduction of air pollution in Stuttgart. The installation serves as a demonstration and a real lab for further development of EV charging infrastructure.
Energy
Mobility
The Impulso VLCi project has a comprehensive intelligent system for the management of electric vehicle charging in the area of the city of Valencia.
Energy
Mobility
Load-balancing fleet management demonstrates the ability of intelligent charging stations of LSW to be utilised as a flexible asset in the case of congestion in the distribution grid. Congestion can be resolved by remotely starting and stopping charging process through the virtual power plant.
Mobility
Collaborating with Dundee City Council, Creative Dundee drives open data aligned with the 8th City Data Cluster. The work spans models, toolkits, and methodologies, openly sharing cultural insights to aid decisions and offer a versatile analysis toolkit.
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