Beschreibung
Ein intelligenter und vernetzter öffentlicher Raum sammelt Daten in öffentlichen Bereichen und zeigt diese an oder reagiert darauf. Die Daten können über Wi-Fi oder andere ähnliche Technologien sicher übertragen, d. h. mit einem zentralen System verbunden werden. Die Daten, die mit Sensoren gesammelt werden, können Daten über die Luftqualität, die Bewegungen und Personen im öffentlichen Raum oder sicherheitsrelevante Informationen sein. Dabei sollte besonderer Wert auf die Wahrung der Privatsphäre gelegt werden, z.B. durch den Einsatz nicht-intrusiver Sensoren. Häufig implementierte Subdienste sind Wi-Fi-Hotspots oder Leitbaken für die blinde Navigation. Öffentliche Displays können z.B. den Zugang zu lokalen Karten, ein Verzeichnis von Geschäften und Dienstleistungen oder eine multimodale Routenplanung ermöglichen. Diese obligatorischen und zusätzlichen Funktionen des intelligenten und vernetzten öffentlichen Raums werden im Folgenden dargestellt. Die Sensoren und Technologien, die zur Realisierung der verschiedenen Funktionen eingesetzt werden, können z. B. an intelligenten Beleuchtungsmasten angebracht werden und die zugrunde liegende Backbone-Infrastruktur nutzen.
Geschäftsmodell
Market Overview
Intelligent and connected public spaces can have different goals, offer different services, use different system architectures, and have developed different organisational forms and business models. This variety is related to the various social contexts in which digital cities have developed. The solution is, for example, able to increase security, save money or generate valuable data. Since the end of the 1990s, an increasing number of cities implement intelligent and connected public spaces. As the advantage of such solutions increases with the implemented and interconnected number of solutions, exponential growth is expected.
(Gregory S. Yovanof and George N. Hazapis, 2009)
Marketable Outcomes
Intelligent and Connected public space can include various applications as an omnipresent emergency detector or smart streetlights – each with its business model. But the workflow of each system is similar.
- Low-energy surveillance mode: the environment is scanned by low energy and low data sensors to identify relevant events
- Reasoning mode: The generated data is analysed and a decision about a reaction is made
- High information surveillance mode: if no doubtless decision can be made further information has to be collected
Possible marketable outcomes of an intelligent and connected public space are:
- Enhanced the experience in public space
- Advertising
- Collecting data
- Increased security
- Measuring environment
- Providing information to citizens
- Improvement of public services as waste collection
- Increased personal efficiency
Treibende Faktoren
Supporting Infrastructure
As intelligent and connected public space is mostly about (almost) real-time reaction on data a good data backbone, in the best case a fibre backbone, is required.
Government Initiatives
Intelligent and connected public space applications often are implemented by municipalities or in cooperation with such as one requirement is the availability of public space. Decisive for such applications are often problems that have to be solved, as a limited budget or the lack of security. Besides the municipality, the inhabitants have to accept the solution. Therefore, open-minded people and a sufficient data security are needed. This can be achieved by using privacy by design. Thereby only, the relevant parts or conclusions of the data are saved or sent.
(Shane Mitchell, Nicola Villa, Martin Stewart-Weeks and Anne Lange, 2017)
