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ICT
Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure
Sustainable Cities And Communities
Climate Action
Digital Twins are used increasingly to support urban planning processes – by visualizing urban data, show-casing future scenarios and many other use cases. In general Digital twins are virtual representations of an object, process or system that can be used to run simulations to optimise efficiency and examine what-if scenarios. The technology has been primarily used for manufacturing to test products (e.g. as of 2018, GE had 1.2 million digital twins for 300,000 types of assets) but is quickly expanding to buildings, supply chains and entire cities as digital planning technology advances (Castro, 2019). Integrating data from the Internet of Things (IoT) with the advanced modelling capabilities of technologies such as geospatial information systems (GIS), virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) and building information modelling (BIM) allows governments and industry to create predictions of how systems will react and respond to real-world data. Creating a feedback loop between the virtual and real worlds results in substantial improvements of processes and impacts, with time-saving and financial benefits.
The concept of digital twins is not new; for example, NASA has been running simulations of spacecraft for decades, but the rapid growth of connected sensors and endpoints with the rise of the IoT and advancements in artificial intelligence has opened up a myriad of possibilities for the planning and analysis tool. Potential uses for digital twins are still being imagined. Uses for cities currently include using digital twins to plan transportation systems, prepare for natural disasters and identify optimal locations to install solar panels. Future uses could include predicting how a disease will spread and informing optimal lockdowns and hospital reservations or using the tool to facilitate collaborations with other cities that have shared problems and mutual goals.
Problems to be solved:
| Ease complex decision-making | Enable more efficient urban planning | Enable more efficient project implementation and monitoring | Create better preparedness for emergency situations | Make urban data easier to understand |
This virtual twin focuses on all energy demands (electricity, district heating) and on-site electricity production from PV.
Combining geographical and building information with energy simulation, allows for quantifying energy related as well as potentially other indicators for city districts.
Integration of Espoo’s 3D City model in the planning process of positive energy districts (PEDs)
Digital twins are supported by cities with:
Digital Twins of smart cities is a new application of several technologies that need to be interoperable and high-performance. A capable and innovative team, with in-depth knowledge of how these technologies and their data function, will support a city in getting the most out of their digital twin. A brief overview of some of these technologies that are integrated into digital twins follows:
Stakeholder Map of an Urban Digital Twin (BABLE, 2021)
Across all industries, the global digital twin market size was valued at USD 3.1 billion in 2020 with an expected CAGR of 58% until 2026, when it is projected to reach USD 48.2 billion. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to be a major driver of the digital twin market growth, in particular in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, as well as for cities to better monitor outbreaks and respond to the changes in daily life brought by the pandemic (Markets&Markets, 2020).
Digital Twins on the city level are still a nascent technology and the cost structures will vary widely based on how advanced the software and hardware the city decides to invest in. One example, Virtual Singapore, had a budget of $73 million for developing their digital twin platform and for researching the tools and technologies required (NRF, 2020).
ICT
Building
The aim was to visualise a future school extension in the most immersive and photorealistic way to share it with the local community.
Mobility
In the coming years, the city of Essen will rely on artificial intelligence (AI) for the damage assessment of roads. Named TWIN4ROAD, the Office for Geoinformation, Surveying and Cadastre together with Point Cloud Technology, HPI Potsdam and Straßen.NRW launched a three-year research project.
Energy
Air
Building
TPC identified areas of improvement for the management of the HVAC systems of two buildings. We performed a building energy performance analysis using artificial intelligence techniques to make an accurate prediction of the energy needs of these buildings to reduce their energy inefficiencies.
Energy
ICT
Building
3D city models can be used to carry out building and block energy simulation and assess different improvement scenarios for achieving energy positiveness of city blocks. Visualization of results using concise indicators saves planners’ time.
Energy
ICT
Water
Building
Other
BIMROCKET is an open source platform for managing Building Information Modeling (BIM) projects, a collaborative working methodology for the construction industry. It allows viewing and editing building models and storing BIM projects in an OrientDB database.
Social Responsibility
Building
ICT
Fällanden did a municipality development project and wanted to offer their population a realistic, interactive visualisation with which the context of the newly planned buildings could be clearly shown. With the resulting clarity, a more participatory and faster decision-making process was achieved.
Mobility
Building
Providing a co-creation workspace for a wide range of stakeholders for a large city development project, to analyse the impact of the development through simulation and analysis.
Energy
ICT
Building
The basic idea of the Digital twin of Sello building block is that it looks and behaves the same as real, but it is only a digital copy from energy point of view. The use case can be used for energy optimising or Virtual Power Plant (VPP) use cases.